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For more than a century, oral insulin has been considered a "dream" therapy for diabetes, hindered by enzymatic degradation in the digestive tract and the absence of a dedicated intestinal transport mechanism. Consequently, many patients must rely on daily insulin injections, which can significantly reduce their quality of life.

Restricted access to health care appointments during typical working hours leads to poorer health-related quality of life, a University of Manchester–led study has found. The research explores how being unable to attend health care appointments during normal working hours affects the health and well-being of employees.

The rising incidence of cancer worldwide has led to an increasing number of surgeries that involve the removal of lymph nodes. Although these procedures play a major role in cancer staging and preventing the spread of malignancies, they sometimes come with severe long-term consequences.

Millions of people worldwide are diagnosed with cancer every year. In advanced tumor diseases, cancer cells detach from the original tumor and settle in other parts of the body to form metastases. On their way, they have to be distributed via the body's own transport system, such as blood or the lymphatic vascular system, and overcome numerous mechanical hurdles.

For adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), surgery is superior to medical therapy for reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and achieving weight loss, regardless of social deprivation, according to a study published online Jan. 20 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Colon cancer is now the No. 1 cause of cancer deaths in Americans under 50. It claimed that spot seven years earlier than previously projected. Colon cancer deaths among people under 50 have risen roughly 1% each year since 2005, researchers reported Jan. 22 in the JAMA. That increase stands out because deaths from cancer overall have dropped sharply in younger people.

Lenacapavir (LEN) is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS and was first approved for individuals with drug-resistant infections in 2022. While there is still no vaccine for the virus, the twice-yearly injectable is "the next best thing," according to the World Health Organization. However, even before the drug was approved, it was known that the virus could develop resistance to it, though this was rare. But now, a new study published in the journal Science Translational Medicine has shown that this resistance comes at a cost to the virus's ability to survive and replicate.

Flavored nicotine pouches called Zyn could soon be legally advertised as a lower-risk option for adults who smoke, as federal regulators take a closer look at the popular product.

A University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center study shows that a targeted form of radiation therapy can be safely delivered alongside high-dose chemotherapy and systemic therapy without requiring patients to pause their cancer treatment. The study is published in the journal Cureus.

Prediabetes is an extremely heterogeneous metabolic disorder. Scientists from several partner institutes of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) have now used artificial intelligence (AI) to identify epigenetic markers that indicate an elevated risk of complications. A simple blood test could be sufficient to identify individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its complications at an early stage. The study shows how data-driven approaches and molecular medicine interact in the diagnostic process.