Urinary cadmium, copper and zinc may be biomarkers for early detection of AKI, according to data published in Kidney International Reports.
Further, researchers of the study found urinary trace metals are stable at room temperature and unaffected by comorbidity, proteinuria, sex or age.
“Various urine and blood biomarkers of early AKI have been described, but none has all characteristics of an ideal biomarker — rapid, easy and cheap testing; high sensitivity and specificity; and ability to risk stratify and predict clinical outcomes. There remains need for a cost-effective biomarker