Circular single-stranded DNA molecules for safer genetic medicine

To our immune system, a potentially lifesaving gene therapy can look a lot like a dangerous infection. That's because most genetic medicine uses viruses or double-stranded DNA to deliver genetic information to target cells. DNA in its traditional double helix form can lead to toxic immune stimulation and be difficult to package into cellular delivery vehicles. As a result, the reach of genetic medicine is limited today.

Mouse model reveals how muscular dystrophy triggers gut muscle over-contraction

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of adult-onset muscular dystrophy, affecting about 1 in 8,000 people. While it is well known for causing muscle weakness and stiffness, DM1 also affects other organs, including the brain, heart and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although around 80% of people with DM1 experience GI problems that greatly reduce their quality of life, including difficulty swallowing, delayed stomach emptying, constipation and severe conditions like intestinal obstruction, the underlying causes remain understudied.

Integrating anatomy and biology for a better pancreatic cancer prognosis

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is notoriously difficult to treat due to its aggressive nature and limited prognostic tools. While the traditional staging systems, such as the TNM classification, focus on anatomical factors, they fall short in providing a comprehensive prognosis. The Tianjin Grading System addresses this gap by integrating anatomical, biological, and patient condition factors.