Some 4.5 million girls worldwide — many under the age of five — risk undergoing female genital mutilation this year, United Nations leaders warned Friday, urging more action to halt the harmful practice.

Hormone replacement therapy applied via the skin is the best way of protecting bone density in women whose periods have stopped due to anorexia or intense exercise, according to new research, published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, by Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust.

New research explores how hormonal contraceptive use may influence cardiovascular and thrombotic risk in women, including those with anxiety, depression or PTSD. Antonia Seligowski, Ph.D., of the Neurocardiac Effects of Stress & Trauma Laboratory within the Department of Psychiatry at Mass General Brigham, is the senior author of a paper published in JAMA Network Open, titled "Hormonal contraceptive use, stress disorders, and cardiovascular and thrombotic risk in women."

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for a group of chronic conditions that cause inflammation and swelling in the digestive tract. It primarily includes two conditions: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. While both involve inflammation, they affect different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and behave differently over time, explains Kellie Mathis, M.D., a colon and rectal surgeon at Mayo Clinic.

For lower-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for multivessel disease, radial artery plus one internal thoracic artery (SITA+RA) and bilateral ITA (BITA) utilization is increasing, with survival generally comparable through 15 years, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, held from Jan. 29 to Feb. 1 in New Orleans.

People with ulcerative proctitis, a milder and more limited form of ulcerative colitis, are not at higher risk of developing rectal cancer than the general population. This is shown in a new Swedish registry study from Karolinska Institutet, published in Gastroenterology. The findings may contribute to more individualized follow-up of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

The impacts of severe gambling pose similar threats to a person's physical and mental well-being as a chronic health condition or alcohol and illegal drug use, a new study suggests.

When we think about iron imbalance, most people are familiar with iron deficiency and the health problems it can cause. What many may not realize is that the opposite problem, iron overload, can be just as serious—yet many aren't even aware of the condition.

GLP-1 drugs have ushered in a new era in weight loss.

DNA's iconic double helix does more than "just" store genetic information. Under certain conditions, it can temporarily fold into unusual shapes. Researchers at Umeå University, Sweden, have now shown that one such structure, known as i-DNA, not only forms in living cells but also acts as a regulatory bottleneck linked to cancer.